Breast Cancer in Female Partners of
Uncircumcised Men

Breast Cancer

Ten studies since 1999 have documented high-risk HPVs in breast tumors [Lawson et al., 2006a; Amarante & Watanabe, 2009]. The type(s) in breast were identical to those in the cervix of women with cervical cancer [Hennig et al., 1999; Widschwendter et al., 2004]. This led to the suggestion of transmission during sexual activity [Kan et al., 2005]. In support of this women with HPV-positive breast cancer are significantly younger than those with HPV-negative breast cancer [Lawson et al., 2006b]. HPV-associated koilocytes (which are caused by HPV) have been found in breast skin as well as lobules from normal and ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma [Heng et al., 2009; Lawson et al., 2009]. HPV has been found in the bloodstream of cervical cancer patients [Tseng et al., 1999] as well as male blood donors, where the virus is attached to blood cells [Chen et al., 2009]. Other viruses such as mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have also been implicated [Amarante & Watanabe, 2009]. Although genetic susceptibility is another factor in breast cancer, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for only a small proportion of cases. Thus an uncircumcised male partner may also increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women.



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Herpes simplex type 2 virus in women.

Circumcision Info

What is circumcision?
Who in the world gets circumised?
The circumcision debate.
Circumcision history and recent trends.
Position statements by national pediatric bodies.
Why the foreskin increases infection risk.
Circumcision - 'shapshot' of health benefits + reviews.
Different specialists see different things.
Circumcision - benefits outweigh the risks.
Pain and memory.
Penile hygiene.
What motivates parents to baby boy circumcision.
Rates of circumcision.
Physical problems.
Inflammatory dermatoses.
Urinary tract infections.
Sexually transmitted infections.
Cancer of the penis.
Prostate cancer.
Cervical cancer in female partners of uncircumcised men.
Breast cancer in female partners of uncircumcised men.
Herpes simplex type 2 virus in women.
Chlamydia in women.
Trichomonas in women.
Bacterial vaginosis in women.
HIV: the AIDS virus.
Circumcision Socio-sexual aspects.
Circumcision - sensitivity, sensation & sexual function.
Circumcision - societal class distinction.
Circumcision prevents infibulation.
Circumcision procedure.
Circumcision & Anesthesia.
Cost of the Circumcision procedure.
Cost benefit of Circumcision.
Circumcision - how do I find someone to do it?.
Circumcision - whose responsibility?...legal
Risks in infants.
Circumcision - risks in adults & older boys.
Circumcision - breastfeeding outcomes and cognitive ability.
Circumcision, does it affect penis length?
Circumcision - why are human males born with a foreskin?
Circumcision - best not to delay til later.
Circumcision - what caused many cultures to ritually remove the foreskin?
Summary
SUMMARY
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
References
In Alphabetical Order
(A – I)(J – R)(S – Z)
Brochures
Brochures, circumcision information guide.
Anti Circumcision
Anti-circumcision lobby groups.
Links & Resources
Circumcision websites & online discussion groups.
BOOK: "In Favour of Circumcision".
About the Author - Professor Emeritus Brian J. Morris.
Adult circumcision stories - testimonials and more.
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